Therefore, a basic question of investigation has been, “Does a unified processing system for different writing systems exist, or are there differences?” In an alphabetic writing system like English or German, a grapheme is mapped to a phoneme, whereas in a syllabic writing system like Japanese Kana, a grapheme is mapped to a spoken syllable. The principles of a writing system reflect fundamental writing–language relationships which vary widely on the dimensions of level of representation/grain size, transparency, and spatial layout. Writing systems of the world may broadly be classified as alphabetic (English), syllabic (Japanese Kana), and logographic (Chinese). It is this influence that shapes culture-specific cortical differences between various writing systems. According to the neuronal recycling hypothesis proposed by Dehaene and Cohen, such adaptation of existing cortical mechanisms to new functions does not override the previous principles of organization instead, the newly developed specialization is heavily influenced by older cortical capacities and constraints. ![]() ![]() Reading is acquired through formal instruction, and the neural network for reading is thought to develop by adapting already existing visual, auditory and language networks to serve a novel cognitive function.
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